Monday 12 December 2011

Sample Material for Prelims 2012 -Envirnoment


ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA: POLICIES, PROGRAMMES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Administration
  • Administered by Ministry of Environment and Forest
  • Central Pollution Control Board established to assess and control water and air pollution
  • Botanical Survery of India (BSI): established in 1980 for surveying and identifying plant resources
  • Zoological Survey of India (ZSI): established in 1916 to survey endangered species and  undertake conservation efforts
  • Forest Survey of India (FSI): established 1981, to survey forest resources

Programmes
1.     National River Conservation Plan
o        Prevent river pollution and improve water quality
o        Launched in 1985 with Ganges
o        Rivers covered: 37
o        Pollution load tackled: 3000 MLD

2.     Ecomark Scheme of India
o        Label environment-friendly products
o        Launched in 1991
o        Follows a product from raw materials to manufacturing to disposal
o        Covers multiple product categories including soaps, paper, food items, lubricating oil etc

3.     National Afforestation Programme
o        Objectives: ecological regeneration, development of water resources, employment generation
o        Implemented by Forest Development Agencies and Joint Forest Management Committees
GYAN I.A.S

4.     National Action Programme to Combat Desertification
o        Implements provisions of UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
o        Improve quality of life of locals
o        Drought preparadness and mitigation
o        Assessment and mapping of land degradation
o        Overseen by Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur
o        India is host country for “Agro forestry and soil conservation in arid, semi arid and dry sub humid areas

ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN INDIA

Major Issues

  • India supports 16% of world population in 2.4% of area
  • 60% of cultivable land estimated to suffer soil erosion, waterlogging and salinity
  • From 1947 to 2002, average per capita availability of water decreased 70%
  • Overexploitation of groundwater in Haryana, Punjab and UP 
  • Net result: rising temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns, increased frequency of drought
  • Environmental degradation is estimated to cost the equivalent of 4% of India’s GDP. After environmental corrections, India’s economic growth rate falls down to about 4.5%

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